On November 30, OPEC leaders satisfied market watchers by signing the oil output cut deal for the first time in eight years and succeeding in the third attempt this year. The deal sent oil prices and global energy stocks soaring. At the time of writing, oil prices hit a 16-month high.

The apparent hurdles to the deal – Iran and Iraq – also came in tune with others and decided to slash production by about 1.2 million barrels a day by January to about 32.5 million barrelsfor six months. Notably, OPEC’s estimated output in October was 33.6 million barrels a day (read: Top ETF Stories of November: Spotlight on Election & OPEC).

The key bottleneck in the deal so far – Iran – was permitted to increase production to about 3.8 million barrels a day, against Saudi Arabia’s previous pitch for 3.707 million barrels. More importantly, non-OPEC country Russia, which was producing at a post-Soviet record, will also slash its output by 300,000 barrels a day though it is “conditional on its technical abilities.”

WTI crude ETF United States Oil (USO Quick QuoteUSO - Free Report) , Brent crude ETF United States Brent Oil (BNO Quick QuoteBNO - Free Report) and the largest energy ETF Energy Select Sector SPDR ETF (XLE Quick QuoteXLE - Free Report) added about 3.8%, 5.1% and 1.4%, respectively (as of December 5, 2016) following the signing of the deal.

Are These Just Short-Term Gains?

Investors should note that anything concrete in the oil patch will happen only when the participants stick to their commitments. If all promises are kept, the supply-demand scenario may balance out in 2017 and push oil to the $50−$60range. This means the cut won’t take oil to about $100 a barrel level – that mark we saw in early 2014 – under the best possible circumstances.

And in reality, there are many downsides to the oil patch. First of all, as per some analysts, “significant risk remains that OPEC members will produce crude above quotas, as has happened in the past.” Secondly, the OPEC deal is less commanding this time than it was in 2008 amounting to 4.2 million bpd. Next, already OPEC's oil output hit a new record highto 34.19 million bpd in November before the scheduled production cut.

Even though OPEC managed to be true to the deal, U.S. shale oil production will likely gain traction. This in turn can bring back oversupply into the market and weigh on oil prices. Already, the U.S. rig count jumped to a 10-monthhigh. Activity in the Permian basin gained impetus adding 18 rigs from the year-ago period to have 235 rigs operational.

In November, OPEC increased its longer-term estimate for global shale production from 5.61 mb/d by 2030 to 6.73 mb/d. U.S. capital markets still have the option to provide loans to drillers, averting a crash in output

If this was not enough, a rising greenback in the wake of a likely Fed rate hike next month may hurt overall commodity investing including oil. So, like several other analysts, even we believe that an OPEC deal would lead to a spike in oil prices in the near term. Things are however pretty unclear for the long term. Only rising demand can save oil from this uncertainty (read: ETFs to Watch as IEA Forecasts Weaker Global Oil Demand).

In this regard, we would like to note that OPEC  raised its outlook for oil demand in 2018, 2019 and 2020, but that could not spur a rally in oil prices due to an even higher increase in supplies (read: Oil to Stay "Lower for Longer"? Short Oil & Energy ETFs).

Bottom Line

In a nutshell, investors eyeing oil investing, can play via ETFs in the near term. As per Bloomberg, the oil market has gone into backwardation with futures for West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude for delivery in December 2017 being more expensive than in June 2018. This is in contrast to last week’s contango. So, play oil as long as the trend is your friend. For the longer term, it is better to sit on the sidelines.

Want key ETF info delivered straight to your inbox?

Zacks’ free Fund Newsletter will brief you on top news and analysis, as well as top-performing ETFs, each week. Get it free >>