Shell plc (SHEL Quick QuoteSHEL - Free Report) is under intensifying legal scrutiny as environmental organization Milieudefensie, the Dutch branch of Friends of the Earth, announces fresh legal action. The NGO, based in Netherlands, claims that by investing in new oil and gas projects despite a previous court decision requiring emissions reductions, the integrated oil and gas company violated its duty of care under Dutch law. This case could escalate tensions between fossil fuel corporations and climate activists pressing for stricter adherence to international climate goals.

Legal Action Rooted in Previous Landmark Court Ruling

The foundation of this new lawsuit lies in a historic 2021 court decision, upheld in part during a 2023 appeal, which found Shell partially liable for climate change. The appeal acknowledged Shell’s obligation to reduce CO2 emissions, citing its substantial role in contributing to the climate crisis. However, it stopped short of specifying a target percentage for reductions. Milieudefensie now argues that Shell’s ongoing fossil fuel investments clearly violate the legal duties affirmed by that judgment.

“Companies like Shell have it within their power to combat the climate problem and therefore have a legal obligation to reduce emissions,” stated the Dutch Court of Appeal.

Shell’s Investment Strategy Contradicts Climate Commitments

Despite growing climate concerns, Shell reaffirmed during the recent Capital Markets Day that it plans to expand fossil fuel operations, particularly in the sectors of liquefied natural gas and oil production through 2040. This strategy directly conflicts with climate science, which indicates that new fossil fuel development must be halted to limit global warming to 1.5°C.

More than 700 new oil and gas fields are presently under development by Shell, per a thorough report by Milieudefensie and Global Witness. Since May 2021, Shell has finalized investment decisions for 32 new projects, potentially resulting in 972 million tons of CO2 emissions, an amount nearly equivalent to the annual emissions of the entire European Union.

Climate Crisis and Fossil Fuel Accountability

The main thrust of Milieudefensie's argument is that the climate crisis is essentially a fossil fuel crisis. Over 80% of global carbon emissions are attributed to fossil fuel use, with oil and gas accounting for more than half of that. The NGO claims that companies like Shell are deliberately stalling the energy transition by prioritizing short-term profits over long-term planetary health. In its formal letter to Shell, Milieudefensie underlined:

“Shell is actively undermining the transition to clean energy by lobbying for and investing in long-term fossil fuel infrastructure. This goes against both climate science and public interest.”

Shell Defends Position, Advocates for Collaborative Transition

In response to the impending lawsuit, Shell agrees that urgent climate action is needed, but criticized Milieudefensie’s approach, claiming that it does not contribute meaningfully to a successful energy transition. The company reiterated its belief that transitioning to cleaner energy requires cooperation between governments, businesses and consumers, rather than litigation.

Despite these claims, Shell’s actions suggest a clear prioritization of fossil fuel assets. Industry analysts have noted that investor pressure and declining stock performance have pushed major oil companies like Shell and another integrated oil and gas company, BP plc (BP Quick QuoteBP - Free Report) , to double down on hydrocarbons, rather than pivot aggressively toward renewables.

Milieudefensie Continues Legal Strategy Beyond Shell

This is not Milieudefensie’s first climate lawsuit. Earlier this year, the NGO filed a legal case against Dutch bank ING Group, accusing the financial institution of failing to cut ties with fossil fuel projects. ING Group rebutted the claim, calling it “unrealistic,” but the case further demonstrates a growing legal strategy targeting climate inaction not only among oil firms but also among their financial backers.

Next Steps in Legal Proceedings Against Shell

Legal action against Shell is expected to commence within four weeks, pending its response. If the court rules in favor of Milieudefensie, Shell could be forced to abandon future oil and gas developments and reassess its climate policy for 2030 through 2050.

This lawsuit marks a turning point in the global battle against climate change. With increasing pressure from both the public and judicial systems, energy corporations may soon face unprecedented accountability for their role in driving the climate emergency.

Conclusion: A Critical Test for Corporate Climate Responsibility

As Shell faces mounting legal and social pressure, the broader implications for the fossil fuel industry are unmistakable. The outcome of this case could reshape the energy landscape in Europe and beyond, reinforcing the principle that corporate climate responsibility is not optional but a legal and ethical imperative. Environmental groups are no longer relying solely on protest,  they are turning to courts to enforce planetary stewardship. Shell’s next move may determine whether it adapts to the era of climate accountability or becomes a cautionary tale of corporate resistance.

SHEL’s Zacks Rank & Key Picks

Currently, SHEL and BP have a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold).

Investors interested in the energy sector might look at some better-ranked stocks like Comstock Resources, Inc. (CRK Quick QuoteCRK - Free Report) and Expand Energy Corporation (EXE Quick QuoteEXE - Free Report) , each holding a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy) at present. You can see the complete list of today’s Zacks #1 Rank (Strong Buy) stocks here.